The gradual decline of the hunter-gatherer way of life and the eventual transition to sedentism is among the earliest and most prominent thresholds in the history of humankind. The continual accumulation of archaeological knowledge since the early 1900s keeps providing a clearer picture for us archaeologists, yet the definition and interpretation of the Neolithic way of life keep shifting with the advancement of each new research program and data. We have discussed the Neolithic, and continue doing so, within the framework of various theories and approaches (i.e. “the agricultural revolution”, core-periphery relations and homogenous cultural regions, cultural definitions based on chipped stone technologies, the “Neolithic package” and its expansion, “the golden triangle”, “the birth of the gods”, and so on). Each allows to some extent but at the same time prevents us from understanding the Neolithic in its entirety and defining the different mindsets and lifeways that were in motion during this period of profound changes.
 

Archaeologists nowadays revisit previous approaches or reevaluate sites excavated during the 1960s and ‘70s with the modern methods of the archaeological sciences. The stratigraphy, chronology, and terminology of the Neolithic research, in that sense, becomes a mound of data waiting to be excavated and analyzed with new methods. Recent research on the Neolithic aptly suggests the independent formation of this new lifeway in different regions. The presence of distinct communities sharing the same region and living under similar circumstances suggest the importance of understanding the diverse nature of the Neolithic.

 

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The COVID-19 pandemic posed a global health issue since January 2020, as well as putting forth new practices that profoundly transformed our lives and professions. Online meetings, workshops, and webinars are among them. Under these circumstances, we wanted to create a sharing environment that would allow us to continue to communicate in these chaotic times and beyond. The onliNEOLITHIC talks are a product of this wish, where the focus is on understanding the differences and variations of the Neolithic, a period that has been very often defined based on similarities. We share and discuss data and approaches produced by researchers working in different regions, and hopefully create a multi-vocal discussion network.

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We gratefully dedicated the first round of the onliNEOLITHIC lecture series to Trevor Watkins. The contributions of Trevor Watkins to Neolithic research, and his constructive and lively discussions in several international meetings on the Neolithic, have deeply transformed our understanding of this period. He has introduced us to many researchers that have also kindly accepted our offer to be a part of this series, as well as bringing up many new researchers in this field. He also kindly accepted our offer to give the first talk of the onliNEOLITHIC. Following the successful first round, the second round was dedicated to the memory of Ofer- Bar-Yosef and began on the 24th of November, 2021, with an online event entitled "The 'Interaction Sphere' of Neolithic Research", where we celebrated his life and contributions to the Neolithic research. Today, in retrospect, we can conclude that the onliNEOLITHIC talks series perfectly advanced our initial aim to create a live, multi-vocal discussion atmosphere.

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Thank you to all who contributed to and supported the onliNEOLITHIC lecture series. Hope to see you all soon for a third round of wonderful talks!

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In the meantime: the presentations are all uploaded on YouTube to allow easy access to information on the variation and context of Neolithic data for researchers and anyone interested in this period. You can watch the videos of these lectures from our website as well.

Güneş Duru

Mihriban Özbaşaran